Lawrence Lessig a plaidé pour le développement de contenus sous licences Creative Commons lors de la conférence LinuxWorld du 15 aout 2006.
Pour résumer sommairement, il aimerait que ce qui a pu se passer pour les logiciels (avec l'avénement des logiciels libres) puisse aussi se passer pour la Culture.
Quelques extraits en anglais :
L'article complet
L'article complet
L'article complet
Le dernier article, traduit en français (traduction non garantie, by myself...) :
Pour résumer sommairement, il aimerait que ce qui a pu se passer pour les logiciels (avec l'avénement des logiciels libres) puisse aussi se passer pour la Culture.
Quelques extraits en anglais :
"The fight for free culture is harder than the fight for free software. There were no laws against free software, but there are laws that essentially block free culture," Lessig said.
In Lessig's view of the world, lawyers, lobbyists and politicians are building a world of "read only" cultural content. It's "culture that, like potato chips, is to be consumed, not created," he said. In contrast, the Internet is fostering "read-write" content that is collaboratively produced and remixed by groups of people exchanging information.
"Copyright presumptively conflicts with the read-write Internet. Every single use requires regulation permission to be granted presumptively," Lessig said.
L'article complet
Trademarks and copyrights were designed for printed materials and governed whether established works could be copied without their authors' permission. When working with digital files, each time a content creator works with or sends someone else the file, he is creating copies in the act of artistic innovation. The old print standards shouldn't apply, Lessig says, but Disney, Sony, and other established content suppliers are trying to apply them to "remixes," or creative works based on previous content.
Some 59% of the teenagers in the United States produce remixes and set them to music as documents of their life experiences. Instead of broadening the allowed forms of content use and reuse in digital formats, large companies can "only make them pirates," a brand that will prove corrosive to the rule of law for the coming generation, he said.
(...)
But it will be harder to make music, film, images, and text, the artifacts of culture, freely available for reuse on the Internet than it was to make software freely downloadable. "There were no laws against free software. The law, as currently architected, smothers creativity," he said. He pointed to his Creative Commons licensing model that lets authors allow reuse of their work, with some restrictions, as an alternative. In 3.5 years, authors of 140 million works have adopted the Creative Commons license, he noted.
L'article complet
For Lessig, content online marks a new form of cultural exchange. Unlike traditional mediums where viewers passively take in what Lessig refers to as “read-only” culture, users of content online both read and write content, adding bits and pieces to pictures, text, audio and video.
"Copyright presumptively conflicts with the read-write Internet,” Lessig said. “Every single use requires regulation permission to be granted presumptively.”
As an alternative, Lessig would have all copyright holders opt into The Creative Commons license, a four-year-old project with more than 140 million content items available for use online.
According to Lessig, search engines such as Yahoo and Google could perform image, text, audio and video searches that filter out content that has not been made available to The Creative Commons.
To ad creative sock to his speech, Lessig created a multimedia mix of animations, videos, news footage and music from The Creative Commons, demonstrating the viability of a forum for the content equivalent of open source software.
Lessig argued that remixing of content, whether society provides a legal framework to do so or not, would always occur.
"You must ask whether the values built into our society — to ignore the rule of law — are the values we want to raise our children to understand," he said.
In Lessig’s online content utopia, users would be free to modify and exchange content outside the constraint of major media companies in much the same way that proponents of Linux demonstrated that operating systems can exist outside of the Microsoft-dominated sphere of influence.
L'article complet
Le dernier article, traduit en français (traduction non garantie, by myself...) :
Pour Lessig, les contenu en ligne génèrent une nouvelle forme d'échange culturel. A la différence des médias traditionnels, où les utilisateurs rentrent passivement dans une culture en "lecture seule", les utilisateurs de contenu en ligne lisent et écrivent du contenu, en associant des morceaux d'images, de textes, de sons et de vidéos.
"Le Copyright rentre en conflit avec l'internet en mode lecture/écriture," dit Lessig. "Chaque utilisation unitaire nécessite d'obtenir une autorisation préalable".
Comme solution alternative, Lessig souhaiterait que les propriétaires de droits choisissent la licence Creative Commons, un projet agé de 4 ans regroupant un contenu de plus de 140 millions d'objets disponible pour un usage en ligne.
Selon Lessig, les moteurs de recherche comme Yahoo et Google pourraient implémenter une option de filtrage de recherche rejettant les images, textes, sons et vidéos qui ne sont pas disponibles sous licence Creative Commons.
Pour ajouter un fondement concret à son discours, Lessig a créé un melange d'animations, videos, nouvelles et musiques provenant de Creative Commons, démontrant ainsi la faisabilité d'un forum de contenu équivalent aux logiciels libres.
Lessig a avancé le fait que le remixage de contenu, que la Société fournisse un cadre légal à sa réalisation ou non, existera toujours.
"Vous devez vous demandez si les valeurs portées par notre Société -- ignorer les lois -- sont les valeurs que nous voulons que nos enfants apprennent", a-t-il dit.
Dans l'utopie de contenu en ligne de Lessig, les utilisateurs seraient libres de modifier et d'échanger du contenu hors de la contrainte de Majors, au même titre que les tenants de Linux ont démontré qu'un système d'exploitation peut exister hors sphère de l'influence dominante de Microsoft.
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